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SYLLABUS1. Cell Biology: Cell theory and types of cells (Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic), Structure and functions of cell organelles, Plasma membrane and transport mechanisms, Cell cycle, mitosis and meiosis.2. Molecular Biology: DNA structure and replication, RNA transcription and translation Genetic code, Gene regulation (operon concept), Mutation and DNA repair3. Biotechnology: Principles and scope of biotechnology, Recombinant DNA technology basics, PCR and DNA fingerprinting (basic concept), Applications in agriculture, medicine and industry, Bioinformatics basics.4. Environmental Biotechnology: Ecosystems and biodiversity, Bioremediation, Wastewater treatment, Biofertilizers and biopesticides.5. Basic Chemistry for Biotechnology: Chemical bonding, pH and buffers, Biomolecular interactions, Basic organic chemistry relevant to biomolecules.